INDEPHEDIA.com - The Kingdom of Kutai Martapura is a Hindu-style kingdom in Indonesia that was established around the 4th century AD. The center of his kingdom is located in Muara Kaman, one of the sub-districts in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province (Kaltim), Indonesia.
The naming of Kutai is actually not the name of the kingdom, but the name used by researchers since the Dutch era to name the kingdom of the Mulawarman Dynasty based on the location where the yupa inscription was found in the Kutai Sultanate, to be precise on Brubus Hill, Muara Kaman.
Meanwhile, regarding the name Martapura, it was obtained from the book Salasilah Raja in the Country of Kutai Kertanegara which tells that the Kutai Kertanegara Kingdom's troops from Kutai Lama attacked the royal capital.
The yupa inscriptions found on Brubus Hill in total are seven inscriptions written in Pallawa letters and in Sanskrit. The seven inscriptions of one of the oldest kingdoms in the archipelago were found in two stages in different years.
The findings of the first yupa inscription (inscribed stone) in 1879 were four inscriptions. Meanwhile, the findings of the second yupa inscription in 1940 were three inscriptions. The seven inscriptions are kept in the Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, which is currently the National Museum, Jakarta.
Historical sources say that the founder of the Kutai Martapura Kingdom as well as its first king was named Kundungga, with the title of Maharaja Kudungga Posthumously Dewawarman. He reigned around 400 AD or the 4th century AD.
Kundungga had a son named Aswawarman who later continued to lead the Kutai Kingdom. Then, Aswawarman was replaced by one of his three sons named Mulawarman as king.
The Kutai Kingdom reached its peak during the reign of King Mulawarman (Kundungga's grandson). The Kutai Martapura kingdom ended when its king named Maharaja Dermasatia was killed in battle at the hands of the 8th King of Kutai Kertanegara, Prince Sinum Panji Mendapa.
In the following period, Kutai Kertanegara, which was originally a Hindu-style kingdom in Kutai Lama, became an Islamic kingdom. Since 1735, the kingdom of Kutai Kertanegara, which originally had the title of prince, changed to the title of sultan (Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris) and until now it is called the Kutai Kertanegara Sultanate. (*)
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